The human brain's abit of finding what it wants to find is a key problem for research. Establishing robust methods to avoid such bias will make results more reproducible.
doi: 10.1038/526163a
In difficult times, Turkey is investing in a clutch of new scientific research centres.
doi: 10.1038/526164b
Formal recognition of drug pollution will help to protect humans and ecosystems.
doi: 10.1038/526164a
Centre in Izmir swims against the tide to produce world-class fundamental science.
doi: 10.1038/526171a
Machines that ‘surf’ particles on electric fields could reach high energies at a lower price.
doi: 10.1038/526173a
Chinese pharmacologist Youyou Tu developed key antimalarial drug artemisinin.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18507
Demonstration by Takaaki Kajita and Arthur McDonald that neutrinos oscillate between identities showed that the particles have mass.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18513
Country seeks big cuts in carbon intensity and greater reliance on clean energy.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18489
Venus and asteroids take the spotlight as the agency chops list of Discovery-class candidates from 27 to 5.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18482
京都大学の数学者望月新一氏は、数学の最も重要な問題の1つ、abc予想を証明したと3年前に発表したが、彼が正しいかどうかを誰も証明できないことが問題となっている。
doi: 10.1038/526178a
人間は誰しも自己欺瞞に陥りやすいものであり、ここでは科学研究における自己欺瞞の例とそれに対する対応策を紹介する。
doi: 10.1038/526182a
サハラ以南のアフリカでのマラリア罹患率は2000～2015年に大幅に低下した。マラリア制圧に向けたさまざまな対策のこうした成果への相対的な寄与度が、包括的なモデル化研究によって明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/526198a
メディエータータンパク質複合体が酵母でメッセンジャーRNAの核からの搬出に関わっていることが明らかになり、この複合体が転写過程調節に果たす役割がまた1つ増えることになった。
doi: 10.1038/526199a
一部のニューロンのにおいに対する応答はショウジョウバエの個体ごとに異なるが、個々のハエの脳内では半球全体で一貫していることが分かった。これは、感覚処理が個体の経験に依存していることを示している。
doi: 10.1038/nature15636
HIVのタンパク質であるNefは多数の機能を果たしていて、いわばウイルスの「スイスアーミーナイフ」のような存在である。新たな研究で、宿主細胞が持つ抗ウイルスタンパク質のうちのSERINC3とSERINC5の2つの働きをNefが阻害して感染力を増強する仕組みが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature15637
ナノテクノロジー関連研究で、強く相互作用している電子系の極端な性質が、コンダクタンスの測定によって調べられ、また絶対零度近傍での量子相転移が探られた。
doi: 10.1038/526203a
最近運用が開始された惑星探査装置を使って、けんびきょう座AU星の周囲の若い太陽系の観測が行われ、星の周辺の塵円盤中に高速で移動する構造があることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/526204a
In this study, the authors present an analysis of the malaria burden in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015, and quantify the effects of the interventions that have been implemented to combat the disease; they find that the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection has been reduced by 50% since 2000 and the incidence of clinical disease by 40%, and that interventions have averted approximately 663 million clinical cases since 2000, with insecticide-treated bed nets being the largest contributor.
doi: 10.1038/nature15535
The transmembrane protein SERINC5 is identified as a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 particle infectivity that is counteracted by Nef; Nef redirects SERINC5 from the plasma membrane to a Rab7-positive endosomal compartment, thus excluding it from HIV-1 particles, emphasizing the potential of SERINC5 as a potent anti-retroviral factor.
doi: 10.1038/nature15399
The transmembrane proteins SERINC3 and SERINC5 are identified as new restriction factors for HIV-1 replication; this restriction is counteracted by Nef and glycoGag, which prevent SERINC3 and SERINC5 from becoming incorporated into HIV-1 virions and from profoundly blocking HIV-1 infectivity, suggesting a potential new therapeutic strategy for immunodeficiency viruses.
doi: 10.1038/nature15400
A high-resolution electron cryo-microscopy structure of the zebrafish α1 glycine receptor bound to agonists or antagonists reveals the conformational changes that take place when the channel transitions from closed to open state.
doi: 10.1038/nature14853
High-contrast imaging of the nearby, young, active late-type star AU Microscopii reveals five mysterious large-scale features in the southeast side of its debris disk, moving away from the star.
doi: 10.1038/nature15705
Zero-temperature quantum phase transitions and their associated quantum critical points are believed to underpin the exotic finite-temperature behaviours of many strongly correlated electronic systems, but identifying the microscopic origins of these transitions can be challenging and controversial; Iftikhar et al. (see also the related paper by Keller et al.) show how such behaviours can be engineered into nanoelectronic quantum dots, which permit both precise experimental control of the quantum critical behaviour and its exact theoretical characterization.
doi: 10.1038/nature15384
Zero-temperature quantum phase transitions and their associated quantum critical points are believed to underpin the exotic finite-temperature behaviours of many strongly correlated electronic systems, but identifying the microscopic origins of these transitions can be challenging and controversial; Keller et al. (see also the related paper by Iftikhar et al.) show how such behaviours can be engineered into nanoelectronic quantum dots, which permit both precise experimental control of the quantum critical behaviour and its exact theoretical characterization.
doi: 10.1038/nature15261
The branched structure and stereoisomerism of carbohydrates make them difficult to analyse; here, ion mobility–mass spectrometry is used to distinguish unambiguously between synthetic trisaccharides that differ in connectivity or configuration.
doi: 10.1038/nature15388
Analysis of a database of Precambrian palaeomagnetic intensity measurements reveals a clear transition in the Earth’s magnetic field that is probably the signature of the inner core first forming, suggesting a modest value of core thermal conductivity and supporting a simple thermal evolution model for the Earth.
doi: 10.1038/nature15523
The Trivers–Willard theory proposing that maternal condition influences offspring sex ratio is extended by analysing how differences in mortality rates, age‐specific reproduction and life history tactics between males and females may affect adaptive offspring sex ratio adjustment in two systems.
doi: 10.1038/nature14968
A multi-centre genome-wide association study of severe malaria in African children uncovers a new resistance locus close to a cluster of genes encoding glycophorins, which are receptors used by the malaria-causing parasite to invade red blood cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature15390
Neuronal representations of sensory stimuli tend to become sparse and decorrelated, with different odours giving rise to fewer neuronal spikes in rare neurons, as signal processing moves up to higher brain layers; here comprehensive recording from the Drosophila olfactory processing centre finds instead some highly correlated tuning curves that vary flexibly from animal to animal.
doi: 10.1038/nature15396
The effect of somatic genetic changes in colorectal cancer on sensitivity to anti-EGFR antibody therapy is analysed.
doi: 10.1038/nature14969
Saccharomyces cerevisiae controls its cell size through the differential size-dependency of the synthesis of the cell cycle activator Cln3 relative to the cell cycle inhibitor Whi5.
doi: 10.1038/nature14908
A small-molecule inhibitor of the Mediator-associated kinases CDK8 and CDK19 inhibits growth of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells and induces upregulation of super-enhancer-associated genes with tumour suppressor and lineage-controlling functions; Mediator kinase inhibition therefore represents a promising therapeutic approach for AML.
doi: 10.1038/nature14904
The X-ray crystal structure of the human glycine receptor in the presence of strychnine, an antagonist, reveals how antagonist binding leads to closure of the channel pore.
doi: 10.1038/nature14972
