核安全保障の強化のために、研究炉での高濃縮ウラン使用は止めるべきだ。
Safety in neutrons p.5
To boost nuclear security, research reactors must eliminate highly enriched uranium.
doi: 10.1038/532005b
To boost nuclear security, research reactors must eliminate highly enriched uranium.
doi: 10.1038/532005b
The first outbreak of yellow fever in Angola in almost 30 years illustrates the danger of a short attention span when confronting epidemic threats.
doi: 10.1038/532005a
Mental illness is moving up the global agenda — but there is still much to do.
doi: 10.1038/532006a
Rhetoric in US presidential campaign concerns researchers — particularly Muslims.
doi: 10.1038/532013a
Multiple teams finally have the material they need to repeat enigmatic experiment.
doi: 10.1038/532014a
Fetal tissue may prove crucial to probing link between virus and birth defects.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19655
Airborne experiments aim to fill in the blanks of global water resources as the climate changes.
doi: 10.1038/532017a
Nations debate how to protect biodiversity in the high seas.
doi: 10.1038/532018a
Human Brain Project asks wider neuroscience community to start using its hardware and software.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19672
自己診断ができたり助言が得られたりするメンタルヘルス関連のモバイルアプリがちまたにあふれているが、有効性がしっかり検証されているものはほとんどない。
doi: 10.1038/532020a
深海堆積物中の放射性同位体の詳細な測定が行われ、さらにこのような同位体がどのようにして地球に到達したのかについてモデル化された。これらから、地球のすぐ近くで多数の超新星が生じ、それらがおそらく地球の進化に影響を与えた可能性があることが示された。
doi: 10.1038/532040a
真菌の一種のCandida albicansの菌糸から放出されるタンパク質断片が宿主細胞を破壊することが分かった。これはカビ以外のヒト真菌病原体が毒性ペプチドを産生することを実証した最初の研究である。
doi: 10.1038/nature17319
2万1000年前の最終氷期極大期以降に起こった島の地形変化と気候変動の解析から、海水準変化が海洋島の現在の生物多様性に影響を与えてきたことが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature17880
北半球での水の1200年にわたる歴史が代理指標データに基づいて再構築され、人為起源の気候変化が20世紀の降水量に影響を及ぼしたかどうかについての議論が盛んになっている。
doi: 10.1038/532044a
Ptchd1という遺伝子がマウス脳で果たす役割が巧妙な実験により解明され、神経発達障害の原因と症状の間の複雑な関係を解きほぐすための手段の1つが示された。
doi: 10.1038/nature17311
神経細胞中にクラスター状にまとまったDNA二本鎖切断箇所が複数存在することが、ハイスループットな手法を使って見つかった。クラスターの大部分は、神経機能に関連している大型の遺伝子中にあり、このことは切断箇所が組織特異的な役割を担っている可能性を示している。
doi: 10.1038/nature17316
The potential of soils to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions has not been exploited; here we discuss and recommend research and technology developments to implement mitigation practices.
doi: 10.1038/nature17174
PTCHD1 deletion in humans leads to attention deficits, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorders; mouse PTCHD1 is enriched in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and TRN-restricted Ptchd1 deletion in mice led to attention-deficit hyperactivity, which could be rescued by modulating calcium-dependent potassium channel activity, suggesting that a TRN deficit may underlie core impairments associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and it may be possible to identify therapeutic targets for individuals with attention disorders.
doi: 10.1038/nature17427
This study identifies a cytolytic peptide toxin in the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans—the peptide is both a crucial virulence factor that permeabilizes the host cell plasma membrane and a key signal that triggers a host danger response pathway.
doi: 10.1038/nature17625
Analysis of deep-ocean archives reveals that a few per cent of fresh 60Fe has been captured in interstellar dust and deposited in Earth’s crust, indicating that many supernova events occurred over the past ten million years within a distance of up to 100 parsecs from Earth.
doi: 10.1038/nature17196
60Fe in deep-ocean crusts indicates that two supernovae exploded in the solar neighbourhood, reheating the superbubble that harbours our Solar System; calculations of the trajectories and masses of the supernova progenitors gives their explosion times and sites, 90–100 parsecs away, with masses around nine times the solar mass, at 2.3 and 1.5 million years ago, respectively.
doi: 10.1038/nature17424
A feedback-control algorithm implemented using a solid-state spin qubit system associated with the nitrogen vacancy centre in diamond is demonstrated; the algorithm uses coherent feedback to overcome the limitations of measurement-based feedback and protects the qubit against intrinsic dephasing noise, making it stable for milliseconds.
doi: 10.1038/nature17404
Ab initio calculations are used to determine the contribution of quantum fluctuations to the crystal structure of the high-pressure superconducting phase of H3S and D3S; the quantum nature of the proton is found to fundamentally change the superconducting phase diagram of H3S.
doi: 10.1038/nature17175
Insects are captured by the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata when they ‘aquaplane’ on the wet rim, or ‘peristome’, of the plant’s pitcher organ; here it is shown that unidirectional water flow is crucial to the complete wetting of the peristome, and that the underlying mechanism involves multiscale structural features.
doi: 10.1038/nature17189
Enantiospecific total synthesis of (+)-phorbol in only 19 steps from the abundant monoterpene (+)-3-carene is demonstrated using a two-phase terpene synthesis strategy.
doi: 10.1038/nature17153
A very large set of proxy data is used to reconstruct Northern Hemisphere hydroclimate variability over the past twelve centuries, to benchmark climate model simulations of hydroclimate; the twentieth-century intensification of hydroclimate extremes seen in the model simulations is not supported by the proxy reconstruction.
doi: 10.1038/nature17418
Changes in island area, isolation and connectivity observed since the Last Glacial Maximum have had measurable effects on present-day biodiversity, with formerly larger and less well connected islands having a greater number of endemic species.
doi: 10.1038/nature17443
Exposure to predator scents triggers an instinctive fear response in mice, including a surge in blood levels of stress hormones; here, the amygdalo-piriform transition area is identified as provoking these hormonal responses.
doi: 10.1038/nature17156
Haploid human embryonic stem cells have been derived from haploid oocytes, the cells maintain a normal haploid karyotype as pluripotent cells and, unexpectedly, as differentiated cells — loss-of-function genetic screens previously performed with haploid embryonic stem cells in mice can now be performed in humans.
doi: 10.1038/nature17408
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is supported by a burst of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species upon cold exposure.
doi: 10.1038/nature17399
Lypd8 protein derived from intestinal epithelial cells binds to flagellated bacteria to reduce their motility, which limits the entry of Gram-negative bacteria into the inner colonic mucus and prevents invasion of colonic epithelia.
doi: 10.1038/nature17406
Gain of MEKK3 signalling is shown to cause cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) via activation of the target genes Klf2 and Klf4; endothelial-specific loss of MEKK3, KLF2 or KLF4 prevents lesion formation and lethality in a mouse CCM model.
doi: 10.1038/nature17178
Thalidomide and its derivative lenalidomide bind the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase and target protein substrates for degradation; structural and functional data determined here show that casein kinase 1α and the lymphoid transcription factor Ikaros, the efficacy targets of lenalidomide in two different blood cancers, interact with the CRBN–lenalidomide interface through a β-hairpin destruction motif.
doi: 10.1038/nature16979
The crystal structures of the protease domain of separase are reported, showing how separase recognizes cohesin, and how phosphorylation of the cleavage site enhances separase activity.
doi: 10.1038/nature17402