China, with its freedom from the ethical pressures experienced by researchers elsewhere, is poised to become the go-to country for work on non-human primates.
doi: 10.1038/532281a
Attempts by the European Union to stimulate innovation are stifled by bureaucracy.
doi: 10.1038/532282a
We are gratified when a politician shows that they know about science, but they all should.
doi: 10.1038/532282b
Experiments are now approved in Sweden, China and the United Kingdom.
doi: 10.1038/532289a
Seismic images from an unprecedented international collaboration hint at future eruption hazards.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19751
Damning report blames failure to deliver on goals on management problems and funding issues.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19753
Lab-made antibodies could produce high-volume, high-quality snakebite treatments.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19755
A fungus engineered with the CRISPR–Cas9 technique can be cultivated and sold without further oversight.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19754
Housing lab mice with pet-shop mice gives them more human-like immune systems.
doi: 10.1038/532294a
独立を目指すグリーンランドは、地球上で最も手付かずのまま保たれている自然環境を守りながら経済発展する道を模索している。
doi: 10.1038/532296a
中国が、霊長類を使った動物実験で世界の先頭に立とうとしている。
doi: 10.1038/532300a
栄養状態の悪い小児の腸内の細菌を調べた3つの研究から、このような微生物相をマウスに移植した場合、ある種の微生物、あるいはヒト母乳中に含まれる糖を補給してやればマウスが正常に成長できるようになることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature17887
気象の変化、ひいては気候変動に対する米国民の態度について、1970年代以降の米国の移住パターンに基づく解析が行われた。得られた結果は、全球的な気候政策の成功に大きく関わるものである。
doi: 10.1038/532317a
N6-メチルアデニンと呼ばれる修飾型のアデニン塩基がマウスDNA中で見つかった。これは、哺乳類が持つ修飾型塩基はシトシン誘導体だけであるとする説を突き崩す結果である。
doi: 10.1038/nature17315
セロトニン輸送体タンパク質であるSERTについて、2種類の抗うつ剤と複合体を作った状態の構造が明らかにされた。この結果によってこの種の薬剤の作用機作が明らかになり、将来の薬剤開発に向けた標的候補が示された。
doi: 10.1038/nature17883
細菌感染によって細胞内で小胞体ストレスと呼ばれる事態が誘導されると、細胞内のNOD1およびNOD2受容体が自然炎症を引き起こすことが、今回示された。
doi: 10.1038/nature17882
Bone marrow endothelial cells have dual roles in the regulation of haematopoietic stem cell maintenance and in the trafficking of blood cells between the bone marrow and the blood circulatory system; this study shows that these different functions are regulated by distinct types of endothelial blood vessels with different permeability properties, affecting the metabolic state of their neighbouring stem cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature17624
The prevalence of N6-adenine DNA methylation in mammals was previously unknown; this study reveals that N6-methyladenine can be found in mouse embryonic stem cells, especially at subfamilies of young (<1.5 million years old) LINE-1 transposons.
doi: 10.1038/nature17640
X-ray crystal structures of the human serotonin transporter (SERT) bound to the antidepressants (S)-citalopram or paroxetine show that the antidepressants lock the protein in an outward-open conformation, and directly block serotonin from entering its binding site; the structures define the mechanism of antidepressant action in SERT and pave the way for future drug design.
doi: 10.1038/nature17629
The galaxy NGC 1600 is found to contain an enormous black hole of 17 billion solar masses—the first black hole of such a size to be found in an environment outside the richest clusters of galaxies.
doi: 10.1038/nature17197
Scanned Josephson tunnelling microscopy is used to image Cooper pair tunnelling from a superconducting microscope tip to the quantum condensate of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x, thus revealing the spatially modulated density of Cooper pairs predicted from several theories of the cuprate pseudogap phase.
doi: 10.1038/nature17411
For adsorption processes, gas uptake usually increases with increasing pressure; however, here the phenomenon of negative gas adsorption is demonstrated in a metal–organic framework, which undergoes a sudden hysteretic structural deformation and pore contraction, releasing guest molecules.
doi: 10.1038/nature17430
Here, a method is described by which to generate all possible stereoisomers of certain amino alcohols—a protocol that should see use in drug discovery and development, where it is important to determine the differing effects of stereoisomeric drug candidates.
doi: 10.1038/nature17191
Population-weighted analysis of US weather conditions shows that the nation’s weather has generally become more pleasant since 1974, possibly explaining the lack of broad public support for action on climate change; projections of future US weather indicate that conditions will probably worsen.
doi: 10.1038/nature17441
A tremor source on the San Andreas Fault produced an unusual sequence of low-frequency earthquakes until it was disrupted by the 2004 Parkfield earthquake; the peculiar recurrence pattern has now been modelled, showing that such slip behaviour occurs when the tremor asperity size is close to the critical nucleation size of earthquakes.
doi: 10.1038/nature17190
New excavations in Liang Bua, where the remains of the ‘Hobbit’ (Homo floresiensis) were discovered, show that this diminutive human species used this cave between 190,000 and 50,000 years ago, and not until as recently as 12,000 years ago as previously interpreted; modern humans have been present in Australia since around 50,000 years ago, so whether Homo floresiensis survived long enough to witness the arrival of modern humans is still an open question.
doi: 10.1038/nature17179
Two-photon calcium imaging and electron microscopy were used to explore the relationship between structure and function in mouse primary visual cortex, showing that layer 2/3 neurons are connected in subnetworks, that pyramidal neurons with similar orientation selectivity preferentially form synapses with each other, and that neurons with similar orientation tuning form larger synapses; this study exemplifies functional connectomics as a powerful method for studying the organizational logic of cortical networks.
doi: 10.1038/nature17192
Circadian rhythms in the intracellular concentration of magnesium ions act as a cell-autonomous timekeeping component to determine key clock properties and tune cellular metabolism both in a human cell line and in a unicellular alga.
doi: 10.1038/nature17407
Notch signalling in endothelial cells of the bone induces change in the capillaries and mesenchymal stem cells of the environment to support haematopoietic stem cell amplification.
doi: 10.1038/nature17638
Population-level spacer diversity is a key fitness determinant of CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems because it limits the emergence of escape virus.
doi: 10.1038/nature17436
The asymmetric distribution of mTORC1 and c-Myc in the first division of daughter cells of activated CD8 T cells affects the proliferation, metabolism and differentiation potential of their progeny.
doi: 10.1038/nature17442
A novel link between the unfolded protein response and NOD1/2 innate immune signalling, showing that NOD1/2 are required for ER-stress-induced IL-6 production in response to infection with Brucella abortus.
doi: 10.1038/nature17631
The proteasome-associated enzyme USP14 regulates protein degradation by removing ubiquitin from proteins; here it is shown that USP14 removes ubiquitin chains from in vitro generated cyclin B conjugates en bloc and within milliseconds, before the proteasome has a chance to initiate degradation, and proceeds until a single chain remains.
doi: 10.1038/nature17433
