中国は核エネルギーを積極的に推進しているが、再処理計画は断念すべきだ。
The nuclear option p.7
China is vigorously promoting nuclear energy, but its pursuit of reprocessing is misguided.
doi: 10.1038/533007b
China is vigorously promoting nuclear energy, but its pursuit of reprocessing is misguided.
doi: 10.1038/533007b
The final stages of a dispute over an ancient Native American skeleton signal the need for clearer oversight of such human remains.
doi: 10.1038/533007a
Humans' exceptional ability to burn through calories fuels our evolution.
doi: 10.1038/533008a
Embryos cultured for up to 13 days after fertilization open a window into early development.
doi: 10.1038/533015a
New research centre at national science agency CSIRO adds 40 jobs, amid hundreds of redundancies.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19831
Space agency declares the astronomy satellite a loss.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19835
Space-based detector draws interest, but regulatory hurdles might complicate a partnership.
doi: 10.1038/533019a
Ambitious effort depends on transformation of rhino tissue into sperm and egg cells.
doi: 10.1038/533020a
機械学習を使った技術によって、材料科学分野が大きく変革する可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/533022a
9年間沈黙を強いられてきたカナダの政府系科学者たちが、取り戻した言論の自由を謳歌している。
doi: 10.1038/533026a
極性金属と呼ばれるエキゾチック材料の設計ルールが、薄膜で実際に適用された。得られた知見は、スクリーニングと呼ばれる現象を操作して金属の新しい相を生成する仕組みについての研究を刺激するものになりそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature17890
昆虫は、遺伝子組換え作物に導入されている殺虫性タンパク質に対する耐性を容易に進化させる。今回、指向性進化を連続的に行うことで昆虫の耐性に打ち勝つ毒素が作り出された。
doi: 10.1038/nature17893
α-シヌクレイン遺伝子の塩基配列が変化した一部のバリアントはパーキンソン病のリスクに関連している。このようなバリアントについて、遺伝子編集技術を用いた解析が行われ、リスクを上昇させる仕組みが説明されそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature17891
妊娠中のマウスに定着している微生物は、そのマウスから産まれた新生仔で自然免疫系のプライミングを行い、微生物と関わる生活への準備をさせることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature17895
病原性細菌のLegionella pneumophilaのタンパク質の1つは、タンパク質修飾分子であるユビキチンをヒトのタンパク質に結合させることが分かった。意外なことに、結合には細胞のE1およびE2酵素が関わっていないことが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature17888
科学研究や技術の分野で使われる極めて正確な原子時計は、原子の電子遷移に基づいている。トリウム229で核遷移が見つかったことは、原子核時計の実現を期待させる成果である。
doi: 10.1038/533044a
Direct detection of the 229Th nuclear clock transition has been achieved, placing direct constraints on transition energy and half-life; these results are a step towards a nuclear clock, nuclear quantum optics and a nuclear laser.
doi: 10.1038/nature17669
Recordings from cat visual cortex show that the cortical maps for stimulus orientation, direction and retinal disparity depend on an organization in which thalamic axons with similar retinotopy and light/dark responses are clustered together in the cortex.
doi: 10.1038/nature17936
Phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE) rapidly evolves Bacillus thuringiensis toxins through more than 500 generations of mutation, selection, and replication to bind a receptor expressed on the surface of insect-pest midgut cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature17938
Ultraluminous X-ray sources are thought to be powered by accretion onto a compact object; now the discovery of X-ray emission lines and blueshifted absorption lines in the high-resolution spectra of ultraluminous X-ray sources NGC 1313 X-1 and NGC 5408 X-1 shows that in each case the compact object is surrounded by powerful winds with an outflow velocity of about 0.2 times that of light.
doi: 10.1038/nature17417
Ab initio calculations are used to identify the structural conditions under which a polar state in metals might be stabilized; this information is used to guide the experimental realization of new room-temperature polar metals.
doi: 10.1038/nature17628
Failed chemical reactions are rarely reported, even though they could still provide information about the bounds on the reaction conditions needed for product formation; here data from such reactions are used to train a machine-learning algorithm, which is subsequently able to predict reaction outcomes with greater accuracy than human intuition.
doi: 10.1038/nature17439
An electrochemical C–H oxidation strategy that exhibits broad substrate scope, operational simplicity and high chemoselectivity is described; it uses inexpensive and readily available materials and represents a scalable allylic C–H oxidation that could be adopted in large-scale industrial settings without substantial environmental impact.
doi: 10.1038/nature17431
High-precision analysis of magmatic gas from the Eifel volcanic area in Germany suggests that the light xenon isotopes reflect a chondritic primordial component that differs from the precursor of atmospheric xenon, consistent with an asteroidal origin for the volatile elements in the Earth’s mantle.
doi: 10.1038/nature17434
Vertebrate and invertebrate cartilage share structural and biochemical properties, and their development is controlled by a highly conserved genetic circuit, suggesting that a deeply homologous mechanism underlies the parallel evolution of cartilage in Bilateria.
doi: 10.1038/nature17398
Two-photon imaging of calcium signals in the tree shrew visual cortex shows that light-responsive and dark-responsive inputs have distinct arrangements that allow the cortex to map the orientation, visual location and spatial phase of visual stimuli.
doi: 10.1038/nature17941
A CRISPR/Cas9 system is used to dissect the role of allelic risk variants on the expression of the α-synuclein gene SNCA, which has been linked to Parkinson’s disease development.
doi: 10.1038/nature17939
Fatal Ebola virus disease is characterized by a high proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing the inhibitory molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1, correlating with high virus load; individuals who survive the infection exhibit lower expression of these inhibitory molecules and generate Ebola-specific CD8+ T cells, suggesting that dysregulation of the T cell response is a key component of Ebola virus disease pathophysiology.
doi: 10.1038/nature17949
A single injection of four anti-HIV-1-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies blocks repeated weekly low-dose virus challenges of simian/human immunodeficiency virus.
doi: 10.1038/nature17677
The differentiation of T follicular helper cells requires the G-protein-coupled receptor Ebi2 as well as the interaction with CD25-producing dendritic cells that quench T-cell-derived interleukin-2.
doi: 10.1038/nature17947
Defects in LC3-associated phagocytosis in mice are shown to result in systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease; dying cells are engulfed but not degraded in LAP-deficient mice, resulting in increased serum levels of autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines, and evidence of kidney disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature17950
An unprecedented mechanism of ubiquitination that is independent of E1 and E2 enzymes, instead relying on activation of ubiquitin by ADP-ribosylation, and which is mediated by members of the SidE effector family encoded by the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila, establishes that ubiquitination can be carried out by a single enzyme.
doi: 10.1038/nature17657
A CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing framework has been developed that allows controlled introduction of mono- and bi-allelic sequence changes, and is used to generate induced human pluripotent stem cells with heterozygous and homozygous dominant mutations in amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 that have been associated with early onset Alzheimer’s disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature17664
