量子技術の商業化を目指すヨーロッパの計画には、明確な目標が必要だ。
Market forces p.145
A European plan to commercialize quantum technologies needs a bold goal.
doi: 10.1038/533145b
A European plan to commercialize quantum technologies needs a bold goal.
doi: 10.1038/533145b
The safe use of medicines during breastfeeding is not an easy topic to study, but new parents deserve better information on the risks and benefits.
doi: 10.1038/533145a
Scientists should unite over electronic-cigarette regulation, or big tobacco will step in.
doi: 10.1038/533146a
A wave of user-friendly devices is making the technology an attractive research tool.
doi: 10.1038/533153a
Huge study uncovers 74 genetic markers that influence the number of years spent in education.
doi: 10.1038/533154a
Scholars excited by depiction of actual objects on the body of a 3,000-year-old woman.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19864
Scientists fear that security-driven switch to X-ray irradiators will harm their research.
doi: 10.1038/533156a
Thierry Mandon on cutting red tape, French researchers’ self-effacement and shaking up social science.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19868
Document submitted to the Italian Senate criticizes institute that will oversee a €1.5-billion project.
doi: 10.1038/533158a
米国カリフォルニア大学ロサンゼルス校のEric Vilainが長年取り組んでいる性分化疾患（DSD）研究には、疾患の性質と同様、一刀両断できない問題が常につきまとう。
doi: 10.1038/533160a
ますます巧妙になるサイバー攻撃を技術面だけで防ぐのはもはや不可能で、加害者と被害者の両方を理解するために行動科学と経済学を役立てる必要がある。
doi: 10.1038/533164a
ヒトの発生の初期段階は普通ならば子宮内で進行するために観察しにくい。だが、胚を胚盤胞段階から培養する技術の進歩によって、このような段階をより容易に調べられる可能性がでてきた。
doi: 10.1038/nature17894
有機分子を樹木のようなものだと考えれば、その中の数多くの炭素–水素結合は葉っぱに当たるだろう。たくさんある同じような「葉」の中から1枚を選んで標的とする触媒は、合成化学を大きく飛躍させると思われる。
doi: 10.1038/533183a
古代の隕石が燃え尽きた後の灰が27億年前の湖床から回収された。それ以外の全ての証拠が大気に酸素が含まれなかったことを示しているにもかかわらず、この試料はその時代の上層大気が酸素に富んでいたことを示唆している。
doi: 10.1038/533184a
運動量と電荷からなる新規量子は準粒子と呼ばれていて、物質の性質の多くを支配している。今回、準粒子衝突型加速器が開発された。この装置によって、このような特異な実体についての基本的な知見が明らかになると期待される。
doi: 10.1038/533186a
重力の影響下にある3つ以上の数の天体の動きを記述することは、天文学における最大の難問の1つである。四体問題の大きな一群に対する解が報告されたことは、誠に注目すべき成果である。
doi: 10.1038/nature17896
線虫の一種であるCaenorhabditis elegansの感覚神経回路の解析から、その回路の配線は性特異的であって、こうした回路は元来は雌雄両性で共通して形成されていた神経結合が性特異的に刈り込まれて生じることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature17898
Palaeoclimatic evidence of monsoon rainfall dynamics across different regions and timescales suggests that monsoon systems exhibit substantial regional variation; meridional temperature gradients are a major driver of monsoon variability, but these gradients are influenced by other, interacting forcing mechanisms, making predictions of future changes in monsoon rainfall highly uncertain.
doi: 10.1038/nature17450
The genome sequence is presented for the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), providing information about a rediploidization following a salmonid-specific whole-genome duplication event that resulted in an autotetraploidization.
doi: 10.1038/nature17164
How sex-specific neuronal circuits are generated during development is poorly understood; here, sensory neurons are identified in the round worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which initially connect in both male- and hermaphrodite-specific patterns, but a specific subset of these connections is pruned by each sex upon sexual maturation to produce sex-specific connectivity patterns and dimorphic behaviours.
doi: 10.1038/nature17977
An analysis of bacterial community structure and antibiotic resistance gene content of interconnected human faecal and environmental samples from two low-income communities in Latin America was carried out using a combination of functional metagenomics, 16S sequencing and shotgun sequencing; resistomes across habitats are generally structured along ecological gradients, but key resistance genes can cross these boundaries, and the authors assessed the usefulness of excreta management protocols in the prevention of resistance gene dissemination.
doi: 10.1038/nature17672
Infrared interferometry imaging of the old, magnetically active star ζ Andromedae reveals an asymmetric distribution of starspots, unlike the north–south starspot symmetry observed on the Sun, meaning the underlying dynamo mechanisms must be different.
doi: 10.1038/nature17444
Three Earth-sized planets—receiving similar irradiation to Venus and Earth, and ideally suited for atmospheric study—have been found transiting a nearby ultracool dwarf star that has a mass of only eight per cent of that of the Sun.
doi: 10.1038/nature17448
A quasiparticle collider is developed that uses femtosecond optical pulses to create electron–hole pairs in the layered dichalcogenide tungsten diselenide, and a strong terahertz field to accelerate and collide the electrons with the holes.
doi: 10.1038/nature17958
The idea of carbon–hydrogen functionalization, in which C–H bonds are modified at will, represents a paradigm shift in the standard logic of organic synthesis; here, dirhodium catalysts are used to achieve highly site-selective, diastereoselective and enantioselective C–H functionalization of n-alkanes and terminally substituted n-alkyl compounds.
doi: 10.1038/nature17651
Evidence in support of low atmospheric oxygen concentrations on early Earth relates to the composition of the lower Archaean atmosphere; now the composition of fossil micrometeorites preserved in 2.7-billion-year-old rocks in Australia suggests that they were oxidized in an oxygen-rich Archaean upper atmosphere.
doi: 10.1038/nature17678
Models of thermochemical convection reveal flow patterns in the deep lower mantle under the north Pacific since 100 million years ago that explain how the enigmatic bend in the Hawaiian–Emperor hotspot track arose.
doi: 10.1038/nature17422
Here, 21-million-year-old fossils of a New World monkey from Panama are described, constituting the earliest known evidence for mammalian interchange between North and South America.
doi: 10.1038/nature17415
Signals recorded from motor cortex—through an intracortical implant—can be linked in real-time to activation of forearm muscles to restore movement in a paralysed human.
doi: 10.1038/nature17435
An in vitro model to study the early events that direct human embryo development after formation of the blastocyst and implantation in the uterine wall.
doi: 10.1038/nature17948
Little is known about cooperative behaviour among the gut microbiota; here, limited cooperation is demonstrated for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, but Bacteroides ovatus is found to extracellularly digest a polysaccharide not for its own use, but to cooperatively feed other species such as Bacteroides vulgatus from which it receives return benefits.
doi: 10.1038/nature17626
Phosphorylation of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) allows for its control by the co-activator Cdc20; a mechanism that has relevance to understanding the control of other large multimeric complexes by phosphorylation.
doi: 10.1038/nature17973
The adenosine A2A receptor, a class A G-protein-coupled receptor, exists as an ensemble of two inactive and two active states in equilibrium and is activated by conformational selection rather than induced fit.
doi: 10.1038/nature17668
The structure of the core region of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is determined by NMR and electron microscopy, revealing that MCU is a homo-pentamer with a specific transmembrane helix forming a hydrophilic pore across the membrane, and representing one of the largest membrane protein structures characterized by NMR spectroscopy.
doi: 10.1038/nature17656
The X-ray crystal structure of the transmembrane portion of the human glucagon receptor, a class B G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is solved in the presence of the antagonist MK-0893, with potential implications for the development of therapeutics that target other class B GPCRs.
doi: 10.1038/nature17414
