The Trump administration has stepped up its assault on environmental protections by halting a US$1-million study on the health risks of coal mining — casting a pall on academic freedom.
doi: 10.1038/548499a
Hurricane Harvey highlights the struggle to apply climate science.
doi: 10.1038/548499b
High-speed shooter will help scientists to make molecular movies.
doi: 10.1038/548507a
Australian lawsuit highlights how difficult it is to turn global warming data into useful advice.
doi: 10.1038/548508a
Energy researcher Daniel Kammen faults US president’s positions on climate change and energy and his failure to condemn white supremacists.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22510
The animals seem to have died while huddling together 70 million years ago.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22508
Blast from Hunley’s own torpedo probably killed its crew instantly.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22447
土星軌道に投入された初めての探査機カッシーニは、土星やその衛星周辺を周回し、目覚ましい科学的成果を挙げてきた。
doi: 10.1038/548512a
激変星として知られる連星系は、新星と呼ばれる大爆発を示す。今回、新星爆発から数百年たった系が観測され、こうした爆発の長期的な影響の詳細が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/548526a
細菌やアーキアは、CRISPR–Casと呼ばれる適応免疫系を用いて、ウイルス感染に対抗している。今回、この免疫系において重要な役割を担っている分子群が特定され、こうした免疫に関する理解が深まった。
doi: 10.1038/nature23532
藻類が太古の海洋において生態学的に重要なプランクトンになったタイムラインが見直され、海水の化学的変化と海洋生態系における動物の出現の間の関連が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature23539
今回、ANGPTL3タンパク質の活性や産生を阻害する分子が、マウスや健康なヒトのリポタンパク質やコレステロールの血中濃度を下げ、ANGPTL3の遺伝子変異の予防効果を模倣していることが見いだされた。
doi: 10.1038/nature23544
火山活動が原因で、地球史上最も速い温暖化事象の1つが生じていたことが、今回確証された。しかし、温室効果ガスの放出は、負のフィードバックによって海洋の酸性化などの影響を緩和するのに十分緩やかだった。
doi: 10.1038/548531a
細胞内で生成され、DNAを損傷する物質であるホルムアルデヒドが、炭素原子を1つ含む分子ユニットが関与する代謝過程を維持し、代謝とDNA保護機構を結び付けていることが今回分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature23541
2002年におけるインフラマソームタンパク質複合体の発見は、免疫系が炎症を生じさせる仕組みを理解する上で飛躍的な進歩であった。現在、インフラマソーム活性を調節して疾患を治療する試みがなされている。
doi: 10.1038/548534a
The authors describe a two-cell-type CRISPR screen to identify tumour-intrinsic genes that regulate the sensitivity of cancer cells to effector T cell function.
doi: 10.1038/nature23477
CRISPR-associated protein Csm6 is activated by a cyclic oligoadenylate second messenger generated by Cas10 activity in the CRISPR type III interference complex, representing a novel mechanism of CRISPR interference.
doi: 10.1038/nature23467
The mechanism by which formaldehyde, a potent DNA and protein crosslinking agent, is generated from folate is described, with implications for the treatment of certain cancers.
doi: 10.1038/nature23481
Estimates of parameters of strong gravitational lenses are obtained in an automated way using convolutional neural networks, with similar accuracy and greatly improved speed compared to previous methods.
doi: 10.1038/nature23463
The re-discovery of the binary star system that created the Nova Scorpii AD 1437 stellar outburst shows that it is now a dwarf nova, suggesting that nova systems spend some time as dwarf novae in between larger outbursts.
doi: 10.1038/nature23644
Antiskyrmions, in which the magnetization rotates both as a transverse helix and as a cycloid, are found in acentric tetragonal Heusler compounds over a wide range of temperatures.
doi: 10.1038/nature23466
Rotary molecular machines, activated by ultraviolet light, are able to perturb and drill into cell membranes in a controllable manner, and more efficiently than those exhibiting flip-flopping or random motion.
doi: 10.1038/nature23657
Boron and carbon isotope data, used in an Earth system model, show that the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum was associated with a much greater release of carbon than thought, probably triggered by volcanism in the North Atlantic.
doi: 10.1038/nature23646
Steroid biomarkers provide evidence for a rapid rise of marine planktonic algae between 659 and 645 million years ago, establishing more efficient energy transfers and driving ecosystems towards larger and increasingly complex organisms.
doi: 10.1038/nature23457
GABAergic Lhx6+ neurons in the ventral zona incerta promote both rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement sleep and inhibit the activity of wake-promoting GABAergic and Hcrt+ neurons of the lateral hypothalamus.
doi: 10.1038/nature23663
Steady-state turnover of the Drosophila midgut arises through an intercellular, E-cadherin–EGFR relay that couples the death of individual enterocytes to the divisions of nearby stem cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature23678
In a preclinical study, dopaminergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells were implanted into a primate model of Parkinson’s disease, where they were found to exhibit long-term survival, function as mid-brain dopaminergic neurons, and increase spontaneous movements.
doi: 10.1038/nature23664
Up to 10% of individuals in malaria-endemic regions produce antibodies that react to malaria antigens through an additional LAIR1 domain that is inserted by two different insertion modalities.
doi: 10.1038/nature23670
The tumour suppressor liver kinase B1 (LKB1) regulates the metabolic and functional fitness of regulatory T cells in the control of immune tolerance and homeostasis.
doi: 10.1038/nature23665
A high-throughput approach using a DNA-barcoded nucleosome library shows that ISWI chromatin remodellers can distinguish between differently modified nucleosomes.
doi: 10.1038/nature23671
