古代人のDNAの研究では、専門分野の異なる研究者が、互いの関心や見解の違いに留意しながら慎重に進める必要がある。
On the use and abuse of ancient DNA p.559
Researchers in several disciplines need to tread carefully over shared landscapes of the past.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03857-3
Researchers in several disciplines need to tread carefully over shared landscapes of the past.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03857-3
A scandal over an academic’s use of Facebook data highlights the need for research scrutiny.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03856-4
Mushroom–beef blends can tackle expanding waistlines and carbon footprints.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03855-5
Researchers tracking a genetic mutation that causes an early-onset form of the disease hope to uncover new drug targets.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03848-4
Experimental device is a route to printing smartphones and other electronics.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03446-4
An operational forecast could help countries prepare for booms in these tiny marine creatures.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03698-0
Most comprehensive study yet demonstrates that cutting people’s energy intake turns down their metabolism.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03431-x
Scientists hope to learn what makes a ‘typical’ solar system from the European Space Agency’s €450-million probe.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03445-5
Lawmakers are set to vote this week on legislation that includes significant funding increases for many science agencies.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03700-9
古代ゲノムは、先史時代の人類の研究を大きく進展させているが、考古学者と遺伝学者の見解の食い違いを生むこともある。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03773-6
これまでに特定されたさまざまな温度感受性イオンチャネルの中で、3つのイオンチャネルが協調して、痛みを伴う熱を感知し防御反射を起こすことが、今回見いだされた。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02663-1
今回、火星の太古の海岸線と推定される地形の形状から、こうした地形は巨大な火山地域の成長によって変形したことが示された。この知見は、初期火星の気候学、地質学、水文学に影響してくる。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03415-x
有効な化学合成計画を案出するソフトウエアはこれまで、研究者が入力する規則に依存していた。今回、人工知能プログラムが自力で規則を習得するシステムが報告されている。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03774-5
折り紙に基づく従来の構造設計手法は、折り畳みパターンの範囲が限定されている。今回、ハサミムシの翅に着想を得た方法によって、これまでの方法では作製できなかった構造体が作製された。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03775-4
免疫系は、侵入微生物に応答して身体を守る。しかし、有用な常在微生物に対する攻撃をどのように防いでいるのだろうか。今回、免疫細胞が有益な細菌を感知して応答できるようにしている経路が特定された。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03510-z
メキシコの洞窟魚の一部は、血糖の調節に影響を及ぼすインスリン受容体タンパク質に変異を持つ。ヒトでは同じ変異によって糖尿病や健康障害が生じるが、この洞窟魚は糖尿病様の状態でありながら健康ですくすくと育つ。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-03242-0
複数の手法の巧みな組み合わせによって、突然心臓死の多くの症例の原因である電気的な活動と機械的な活動の波を3Dで同時に可視化することが、今回初めて可能になった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-01950-1
A single spin in silicon is strongly coupled to a microwave-frequency photon and coherent single-spin dynamics are observed using circuit quantum electrodynamics.
doi: 10.1038/nature25769
Deep neural networks and Monte Carlo tree search can plan chemical syntheses by training models on a huge database of published reactions; their predicted synthetic routes cannot be distinguished from those a human chemist would design.
doi: 10.1038/nature25978
Analysis of rare de novo mutations in gene regulatory elements suggests that 1–3% of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders carry such mutations in elements that are active in the fetal brain.
doi: 10.1038/nature25983
Single-cell recordings show that CGRP-expressing neurons in the parabrachial nucleus in mice respond to both noxious stimuli and signals of feeding satiety.
doi: 10.1038/nature25511
A screen of more than 1,000 drugs shows that about a quarter of the non-antibiotic drugs inhibit the growth of at least one commensal bacterial strain in vitro.
doi: 10.1038/nature25979
Galaxies normally have far more dark matter than normal matter, but the dynamics of objects within the ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC1052–DF2 suggest that it has a very little dark matter component.
doi: 10.1038/nature25767
A two-qubit quantum processor in a silicon device is demonstrated, which can perform the Deutsch–Josza algorithm and the Grover search algorithm.
doi: 10.1038/nature25766
Fe3Sn2 hosts massive Dirac fermions, owing to the underlying symmetry properties of the bilayer kagome lattice in the ferromagnetic state and the atomic spin–orbit coupling.
doi: 10.1038/nature25987
Ancient shorelines on Mars must have formed before and during the emplacement of the Tharsis volcanic province, instead of afterwards as previously assumed, suggesting that oceans on Mars formed early.
doi: 10.1038/nature26144
Cavefish populations of the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, carry a mutation in the insulin receptor gene that renders them insulin- and starvation-resistant relative to surface populations of the same species.
doi: 10.1038/nature26136
Genetic similarity among late Neanderthals is predicted well by their geographical location, and although some of these Neanderthals were contemporaneous with early modern humans, their genomes show no evidence of recent gene flow from modern humans.
doi: 10.1038/nature26151
A new magnetoencephalography system allows high-spatiotemporal-resolution imaging of human brain function in moving subjects.
doi: 10.1038/nature26147
Three transient receptor potential channels (TRPA1, TRPV1 and TRPM3) mediate sensitivity to acute noxious heat in mice in a redundant system; mice lacking all three show severe deficits in heat sensing, whereas double-knockout mice do not.
doi: 10.1038/nature26137
Using optical mapping and 3D ultrasound, the dynamics and interactions between electrical and mechanical phase singularities were analysed by simultaneously measuring the membrane potential, intracellular calcium concentration and mechanical contractions of the heart during normal rhythm and fibrillation.
doi: 10.1038/nature26001
Hepatocytes secrete DPP4, which promotes adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in obese mice, suggesting a new specific target for treatment of metabolic disorders.
doi: 10.1038/nature26138
Decreased expression of histidine phosphatase LHPP, a novel tumour suppressor, results in increased global histidine phosphorylation and hepatocellular carcinoma.
doi: 10.1038/nature26140
Finely tuned optogenetic control of engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhances the biosynthesis of valuable products such as isobutanol in laboratory-scale fermenters.
doi: 10.1038/nature26141
