「エコモダニスト宣言」では、持続可能な開発の見直しがうたわれているが、目指すゴールは変わっていない。
Decoupled ideals p.407
‘Ecomodernist Manifesto’ reframes sustainable development, but the goal remains the same.
doi: 10.1038/520407b
‘Ecomodernist Manifesto’ reframes sustainable development, but the goal remains the same.
doi: 10.1038/520407b
Africa has an ambitious and welcome plan for a continent-wide centre for disease control — but if the agency is to live up to its promise, it will need substantially better resources.
doi: 10.1038/520407a
Moore's law is approaching physical limits: truly novel physics will be needed to extend it.
doi: 10.1038/520408a
Just three animals remain on Isle Royale, spelling probable end of 57-year ecology project.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17263
The threat that neonicotinoids pose to bees becomes clearer.
doi: 10.1038/520416a
Trialled antibody treatment thought to work by renewing the protective coating of neurons.
doi: 10.1038/520417a
Earthquakes linked to oil and gas operations prompt further research into human-induced seismic hazards.
doi: 10.1038/520418a
NASA initiative seeks to bolster interdisciplinary science in hunt for extraterrestrial life.
doi: 10.1038/520420a
The 3.3-million-year-old implements predate the first members of the Homo genus.
doi: 10.1038/520421a
容疑者の靴などに付着した土を証拠として犯罪捜査に役立てる法地質学の先駆的研究者Lorna Dawson（英国ジェームズ・ハットン研究所）に、話を聞いた。
doi: 10.1038/520422a
中国の独占状態にある希土類元素を、原石や廃棄物から効率よく抽出、再利用する低コストの方法を開発しようと、研究が続いている。
doi: 10.1038/520426a
光学的年代測定技術が最初に取り上げられたのは30年前のことで、それ以来、過去50万年間に起こった事象の研究が一変した。光学的年代測定を実際に行っている2人の専門家が、その影響を評価し、将来像を考察している。
doi: 10.1038/520438a
TRPA1イオンチャネルは侵害性の化合物に反応して疼痛感知経路を活性化する。TRPA1の構造が解明され、このチャネルが機能する仕組みについての手掛かりが得られた。
doi: 10.1038/nature14383
オプトメカニカルデバイスを使って、機械的振動の量子、言い換えれば振動の「粒」を光学的手法によって数えることが可能になった。このシステムは音響学や熱工学の分野に新しい可能性をもたらすかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/520441a
モデルの1つでは、山の活発な変形が原因となって、河川網の再編成が休みなく続くと考えられていて、これはごつごつした山岳地帯の高地にほぼ平坦な地表が形成されるという一見奇妙な事態に対する説明となっている。
doi: 10.1038/520442a
雌マウスは幼若マウスが窮地に陥った時の呼び声に応答することを学習できる。この能力が脳の皮質にある左側の聴覚野で起こる、オキシトシンというホルモンによるシグナル伝達を介して向上することが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature14386
増殖因子のニューレグリン1とその受容体タンパク質であるERBB2が関わるシグナル伝達経路が増強されると、筋細胞の生成が促進されることが、ゼブラフィッシュ、マウスとヒト幼児の心臓組織を使った3つの研究により明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/520445a
宿主の密度のような生態学的要因は、疾病発生率の重要な予測因子である。だが、宿主群集の進化の歴史と近縁関係も、また別の重要な決定因子であるようだ。
doi: 10.1038/520446a
A study of pup retrieval behaviour in mice shows that oxytocin modulates cortical responses to pup calls specifically in the left auditory cortex; in virgin females, call-evoked responses were enhanced, thus increasing their salience, by pairing oxytocin delivery in the left auditory cortex with the calls, suggesting enhancement was a result of balancing the magnitude and timing of inhibition with excitation.
doi: 10.1038/nature14402
In the bacterial immunity system CRISPR, spacer acquisition is facilitated near replication-termination regions.
doi: 10.1038/nature14302
The high-resolution electron cryo-microscopy structure of the full-length human TRPA1 ion channel is presented; the structure reveals a unique ankyrin repeat domain arrangement, a tetrameric coiled-coil in the centre of the channel that acts as a binding site for inositol hexakisphosphate, an outer poor domain with two pore helices, and a new drug binding site, findings that collectively provide mechanistic insight into TRPA1 regulation.
doi: 10.1038/nature14367
Polarimetric observations of magnetic-field orientations in a filamentary molecular cloud forming massive stars shows that the magnetic field strongly affects fragmentation in the region.
doi: 10.1038/nature14291
A silicon nanometre-scale mechanical resonator, patterned to couple optical and mechanical resonances, is found to emit photons when optically pumped; photon emission corresponds directly to phonon emission, enabling the phonons to be counted.
doi: 10.1038/nature14349
The relict landscapes of southeast Tibet are being formed In situ as a result of river drainage reorganization that renders rivers unable to balance tectonic uplift, so these landscapes may not provide an unaltered record of past geomorphic conditions.
doi: 10.1038/nature14354
Examination of three lunar samples reveals that the Moon’s mantle has an excess of the tungsten isotope 182W of about 20 parts per million relative to the present-day Earth’s mantle; this suggests that the two bodies had identical compositions immediately following the formation of the Moon, and that the compositions then diverged as a result of disproportional late accretion of chondritic material to the Earth and Moon.
doi: 10.1038/nature14355
Precise measurements of the tungsten isotopic composition of lunar rocks show that the Moon exhibits a well-resolved excess of 182W of about 27 parts per million over the present-day Earth’s mantle: this excess is consistent with the expected 182W difference resulting from a late veneer with a total mass and composition inferred from previously measured highly siderophile elements.
doi: 10.1038/nature14360
The discovery of new primates from the Late Eocene epoch of Amazonian Peru extends the fossil record of primates in South America back approximately 10 million years.
doi: 10.1038/nature14120
Rare species may have an advantage in a community by suffering less from disease; here it is shown that, because pathogens are shared among species, it is not just the abundance of a particular species but the structure of the whole community that affects exposure to disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature14372
In response to water shortage, plants produce abscisic acid (ABA), which improves water consumption and stress tolerance; now, a strategy for controlling water use by activating engineered ABA receptors using an existing agrochemical, mandipropamid, is described.
doi: 10.1038/nature14123
Here, DNA damage is shown to occur as a direct consequence of inducing haematopoietic stem cells to exit quiescence in response to conditions of stress; in mice with mutations modelling those seen in Fanconi anaemia, this leads to a complete collapse of the haematopoietic system.
doi: 10.1038/nature14131
Mitochondrial DNA stress potentiates type I interferon responses via activation of the cGAS–STING–IRF3 pathway.
doi: 10.1038/nature14156
A study of the super-enhancer landscape in three mouse T-helper lymphocyte subsets identifies nodes that have key roles in cell identity, with the locus encoding Bach2, a key negative regulator of effector differentiation, emerging as the most prominent T-cell super-enhancer.
doi: 10.1038/nature14154
The essential autophagy mediator ATG14 promotes vesicle fusion by forming homo-oligomers, which bind to a component of the SNARE membrane fusion complex and stabilize this complex on autophagosomes.
doi: 10.1038/nature14147
A single particle cryo-EM structure of the 70S ribosome in complex with the elongation factor Tu breaks the 3 Å resolution barrier of the technique and locally exceeds the resolution of previous crystallographic studies, revealing all modifications in rRNA and explaining their roles in ribosome function and antibiotic binding.
doi: 10.1038/nature14275
A sub-ångström-resolution X-ray crystal structure of [NiFe] hydrogenase, with direct detection of the products of the heterolytic splitting of dihydrogen into a hydride bridging the Ni and Fe and a proton attached to the sulphur of a cysteine ligand.
doi: 10.1038/nature14110
