Initiatives to make genetic and medical data publicly available could improve diagnostics — but they lose value if they do not share with other projects.
doi: 10.1038/520585a
Scientists must stand up for marine parks if the value of the seas is to be recognized globally.
doi: 10.1038/520585b
A newly discovered tiny dinosaur sported an intriguing structural accessory.
doi: 10.1038/525586a
In wake of paper describing genetic modification of human embryos, scientists disagree about ethics.
doi: 10.1038/520593a
Plan seeks to increase government partnerships with industry but downplays basic science.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17305
Religious leaders and scientists gather to discuss moral implications of global warming as Pope drafts key letter.
doi: 10.1038/520596a
Companies race to gather large data sets in bid to find treatments based on genetics.
doi: 10.1038/520597a
Skeletons from Peru caves plot course for a single migration to the continent.
doi: 10.1038/520598a
理化学研究所の不正問題は、日本の科学界に大きな後遺症を残した。
doi: 10.1038/520600a
北アフリカおよび中東を揺るがした革命から4年が経過したが、科学者は先行きの見えない状況に置かれている。
doi: 10.1038/520604a
TP53遺伝子の欠失は大腸がんで見られる事象の1つで、遺伝子転写を支配する酵素のサブユニットをコードする遺伝子が一緒に欠失していることが多い。こうした事態が、治療法開発の好機となる脆弱性を作り出している。
doi: 10.1038/nature14390
妊娠中の細菌感染は胎児の死亡を引き起こすことがある。感染の際に誘導され、危険な免疫細胞を胎盤に移動させる細胞シグナル伝達経路が突き止められたことは、死産防止に新しい道を開くかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/520627a
東南アジアの一部では、アルテミシニンを使った抗マラリア薬に含まれる有効成分に対して、マラリア原虫が耐性を示すようになってきている。細胞のシグナル伝達経路を正確に知ることは、この現象を解明するのに役立つかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/nature14387
南極氷床コアから得られたデータは、最終氷期に北半球で起こった急激な気候変動は、これに関連して南極で起こった変化に約200年先行するものであったことを示しており、海洋による結合過程を示している。
doi: 10.1038/520630a
遷移金属ダイカルコゲナイドと呼ばれる半導体の原子数個分の厚さの層を、平方センチメートルのスケールで均一に成長させることができた。これは電子機器の究極の小型化への道を開くものだ。
doi: 10.1038/520631a
Combining neural manipulation in freely behaving animals, physiological studies and electron microscopy reconstruction in the Drosophila larva identifies a complex multilsensory circuit involved in the selection of larval escape modes that exhibits a multilevel multimodal convergence architecture.
doi: 10.1038/nature14297
The structure of the human ribosome at high resolution has been solved; by combining single-particle cryo-EM and atomic model building, local resolution of 2.9 Å was achieved within the most stable areas of the structure.
doi: 10.1038/nature14427
A distinct hard-X-ray emission component is reported within the central four parsecs by eight parsecs of the Galaxy; this emission is more sharply peaked toward the Galactic Centre than is the surface brightness of the soft X-ray population, and all the interpretations of this emission pose significant challenges to our understanding of stellar evolution, binary formation and cosmic-ray production in the Galactic Centre.
doi: 10.1038/nature14353
The bandgap of bilayer graphene can be tuned with an electric field and topological valley polarized modes have been predicted to exist at its domain boundaries; here, near-field infrared imaging and low-temperature transport measurements reveal such modes in gapped bilayer graphene.
doi: 10.1038/nature14364
A new chemical vapour deposition method enables transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers to be grown directly on insulating silicon dioxide wafers, demonstrating the possibility of wafer-scale batch fabrication of high-performance devices with TMD monolayers.
doi: 10.1038/nature14417
A new ice core from West Antarctica shows that, during the last ice age, abrupt Northern Hemisphere climate variations were followed two centuries later by a response in Antarctica, suggesting an oceanic propagation of the climate signal to the Southern Hemisphere high latitudes.
doi: 10.1038/nature14401
Nitrogen isotope ratios from rocks between 3.2 and 2.75 billion years old are most readily explained by biological nitrogen fixation, most probably using the metal molybdenum as a cofactor, showing that nitrogen fixation is at least 3.2 billion years old and suggesting that molybdenum was available to organisms long before the Great Oxidation Event.
doi: 10.1038/nature14180
A survey of epigenetic associations between serum immunoglobulin E concentrations indicating allergy and methylation at CpG islands in families and a population sample has revealed associations at 36 loci that harbour genes encoding proteins including eosinophil products and phospholipid inflammatory mediators.
doi: 10.1038/nature14125
Neurons in the basolateral amygdala projecting to canonical fear or reward circuits undergo opposing changes in synaptic strength following fear or reward conditioning, and selectively activating these projection-target-defined neural populations causes either negative or positive reinforcement, respectively.
doi: 10.1038/nature14366
A new mechanism that plants use to combat begomoviruses—one of the most pathogenic groups of plant viruses, causing severe disease in major crops worldwide—is uncovered: plants inhibit the transcription of genes associated with the translational apparatus, thus causing a general reduction in protein synthesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature14171
Artemisinins are key anti-malarial drugs, but artemisinin resistance has been increasing; this study identifies the molecular target of artemisinins as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and increase of the lipid product phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate induces resistance in Plasmodium falciparum.
doi: 10.1038/nature14412
Two second-generation attenuated Ebola virus vaccines based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus protect macaques against infection with a recent Ebola virus isolate from Guinea.
doi: 10.1038/nature14428
The authors show that a large fraction of tumour mutations is immunogenic and predominantly recognized by CD4+ T cells; they use these data to design synthetic messenger-RNA-based vaccines specific against tumour mutations, and show that these can reject tumours in mice.
doi: 10.1038/nature14426
Genomic deletion of the tumour suppressor TP53 frequently includes other neighbouring genes, such as the POLR2A housekeeping gene that encodes a crucial RNA polymerase II subunit; suppression of POLR2A with α-amanitin or by RNA interference selectively inhibits the tumorigenic potential of cancer cells, and in mouse models of cancer, tumours can be selectively targeted with α-amanitin coupled to antibodies, suggesting new therapeutic approaches for human cancers.
doi: 10.1038/nature14418
Crystal structures of three forms of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 — unliganded or bound either to immune stimulatory CpG-containing DNA or inhibitory DNA — together reveal the molecular basis of TLR9 activation.
doi: 10.1038/nature14138
Sulfite-reducing microbes couple the reduction of sulfite to the generation of a proton motive force that sustains organismic growth; here, two X-ray crystal structures are solved of MccA, a c-type cytochrome enzyme with eight haem groups that catalyses the six-electron reduction of sulfite to sulfide at a novel haem–copper active site.
doi: 10.1038/nature14109
