英国のEU離脱の是非を問う国民投票の結果は、世界にさまざまな影響を及ぼすだろう。
Turning point p.295
The result of next week’s crucial UK referendum on whether or not to remain in the European Union will have worldwide repercussions.
doi: 10.1038/534295a
The result of next week’s crucial UK referendum on whether or not to remain in the European Union will have worldwide repercussions.
doi: 10.1038/534295a
We need your views on an experiment to convey the latest research in digestible form.
doi: 10.1038/534296b
If life in the oceans is to be preserved, people must get to know the wonders of the deep.
doi: 10.1038/534296a
Firms chase a new breed of advanced veterinary care, from antibodies to cell therapies.
doi: 10.1038/534303a
Tracking space rocks that reach Earth will give insight into the early Solar System.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20070
Economists, investors and medical insurers can’t figure out how to pay for cutting-edge drugs.
doi: 10.1038/534305a
More than 500 million people and 28 nations make up the European Union. It will lose one of its richest, most populous members, if the United Kingdom votes to leave on 23 June. Ahead of a possible ‘Brexit’, Nature examines five core ways that the EU shapes the course of research.
doi: 10.1038/534307a
医学に変革をもたらすと思われた誘導多能性幹（iPS）細胞は、今、生物学分野の研究を大きく変えつつある。
doi: 10.1038/534310a
新薬開発のコストが高騰する中、既存薬や治験初期に脱落した化合物を別の疾患に利用できないか検討する動きが強まっている。
doi: 10.1038/534314a
園芸種のペチュニアの親に当たる2つの野生種の完全なDNA塩基配列が解読され、このモデル植物に関する有用な遺伝的知見が得られた。この結果は他の栽培作物の最適化にも活用できそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature18445
ナノ粒子を免疫系の樹状細胞を標的として送達し、抗ウイルス応答に似た性質を持つ抗腫瘍免疫応答を誘導するという免疫療法が開発された。この手法を使った初期の臨床試験では有望な結果が得られている。
doi: 10.1038/nature18443
電場中での強誘電性材料の挙動を正確に予測できるマルチスケールモデルが作られた。これはセンサーやデジタルメモリーのようなデバイスを設計する試みに役立つと考えられる。
doi: 10.1038/534331a
成熟細胞の系譜を強制変更する際の基盤となる機序はよく分かっていない。ニューロンになるように誘導された1個の皮膚細胞のプロファイリングから、こうした細胞は筋肉細胞になることが多いという予想外の結果が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature18444
The protein translation rate is low in tissue stem cells and tumour-initiating cells, and genetically preventing cytosine-5 methylation on transfer RNA in skin tumours is shown to favour the maintenance of a state of translational inhibition in mice, with tumour-initiating cells in this state becoming more sensitive to cytotoxic stress.
doi: 10.1038/nature18282
Leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) are responsible for BCR–ABL-driven chronic myeloid leukaemia relapse; here, p53 and MYC signalling networks are shown to regulate LSCs concurrently, and targeting both these pathways has a synergistic effect in managing the disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature18288
Cryo-electron microscopy has undergone a resolution revolution—here, this method has been combined with lipid nanodisc technology to solve structures of TRPV1, the receptor for capsaicin, in a membrane bilayer, revealing mechanisms of lipid and ligand regulation.
doi: 10.1038/nature17964
A modelling study of the bilobate nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko reveals that it has spun much faster in the past, but that its chaotically changing spin rate has so far prevented it from splitting; eventually the two lobes will separate, but they will be unable to escape each other and will ultimately merge again—a situation that seems to be common among cometary nuclei.
doi: 10.1038/nature17670
An analytical method of determining the mean first-passage time (the time taken by a random walker in confinement to reach a target point) is presented for a Gaussian non-Markovian random walker, thus revealing the importance of memory effects in first-passage statistics.
doi: 10.1038/nature18272
Molecular dynamics simulations of 90° domain walls in PbTiO3 are used to construct a nucleation-and-growth-based analytical model that quantifies the dynamics of many types of domain walls in various ferroelectrics, suggesting intrinsic domain-wall motion as a universal mechanism for ferroelectric switching.
doi: 10.1038/nature18286
The self-assembly of colloidal particles into hollow micrometre-scale capsules is achieved through the combination of anisotropic particle morphology, deformable surface ligands that re-distribute on binding and the mutual attraction between particles, suggesting a design strategy for colloidal self-assembly
doi: 10.1038/nature17956
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) is the most commonly used method to generate arenes that contain 18F for use in PET imaging; here, an unusual concerted SNAr reaction is presented that is not limited to electron-poor arenes.
doi: 10.1038/nature17667
Seafloor geodetic data from the Nankai Trough, off southwestern Japan, show that most offshore sites in this earthquake-prone region have high slip-deficit rates, revealing previously unknown locations that could be important for the mitigation of future earthquake- and tsunami-associated disasters.
doi: 10.1038/nature17632
Functional imaging techniques use changes in blood flow to infer neural activity, but how strongly the two are correlated is a subject of debate; here, vascular and neural responses to a range of visual stimuli are imaged in cat and rat primary visual cortex, revealing that vascular signals are partially decoupled from local neural signals.
doi: 10.1038/nature17965
Preclinical evaluation and optimization of mitochondrial replacement therapy reveals that a modified form of pronuclear transfer is likely to give rise to normal pregnancies with a reduced risk of mitochondrial DNA disease, but may need further modification to eradicate the disease in all cases.
doi: 10.1038/nature18303
A co-repressor protein, CBFA2T2, oligomerizes to stabilize its binding partner PRDM14 and the pluripotency factor OCT4 on chromatin, thus facilitating the transcriptional landscape underpinning the germline and pluripotent fate.
doi: 10.1038/nature18004
The transcriptome changes driving the conversion of fibroblasts to neurons at the single-cell level are reported, revealing that early neuronal reprogramming steps are homogenous, driven by the proneural pioneer factor Ascl1; the expression of myogenic genes then has a dampening effect on efficiency, which needs to be counteracted by the neuronal factors Myt1l and Brn2 for more efficient reprogramming.
doi: 10.1038/nature18323
The development of a nanoparticle RNA vaccine is reported that preferentially targets dendritic cells after systemic administration, and is shown to provide durable interferon-α-dependent antigen-specific immunity in mouse tumour models; initial results in advanced melanoma patients indicate potential efficacy in humans.
doi: 10.1038/nature18300
Structural variations disrupting the 3′ region of PD-L1 are shown to aid immune evasion in a number of human cancers, including adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma, and in a mouse tumour model, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of the 3'-UTR of Pd-l1 is also shown to result in immune escape, suggesting that PD-L1 3′-UTR disruption could provide a diagnostic marker to identify patients who will benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
doi: 10.1038/nature18294
The stem cell determinant Musashi (Msi) is a key mediator of pancreatic cancer progression and therapy resistance.
doi: 10.1038/nature17988
The bacterial chromosome replication origin contains an indispensable element composed of a repeating trinucleotide motif, termed the DnaA-trio, that stabilizes DnaA binding on single-stranded DNA.
doi: 10.1038/nature17962
The X-ray structure of the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) protein YddG from Starkeya novella reveals a new membrane transport topology, with ten transmembrane segments in an outward-facing state and two pseudo-symmetric inverted structural repeats.
doi: 10.1038/nature17991
