トランプ次期米国大統領が、科学を軽視し温暖化対策に反対するScott Pruittを環境保護庁（EPA）長官に指名したことには失望する。
Donald Trump’s choice for head of the US environment agency is dismaying p.315
Scott Pruitt has consistently opposed attempts to reduce pollution.
doi: 10.1038/540315b
Scott Pruitt has consistently opposed attempts to reduce pollution.
doi: 10.1038/540315b
The trend of turning universities into businesses is limiting research freedoms in traditionally liberal institutes in northern Europe. It is time for scientists to regain lost ground.
doi: 10.1038/540315a
A Nature paper explores this unusual creature from the inside out.
doi: 10.1038/540316a
Artificial-intelligence algorithms can learn a lot from playing immersive 3D video games.
doi: 10.1038/540323a
Italy’s youngest leader failed to walk the talk when it came to boosting research, academics say.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21139
Elsevier’s CiteScore uses a larger database — and provides different results for the quality of journals.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21131
The University of California, Berkeley, and the Broad Institute are vying for lucrative rights to the gene-editing system.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21101
His plans for the job are a mystery, but past presidents have used their chief scientific aide in a number of ways.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21129
How to rouse the immune system against tumours has proved elusive.
doi: 10.1038/540328a
スウェーデン・カロリンスカ医科大学の医師で、非営利組織Gapminder Foundationの創設者でもあるHans Roslingは、世界の貧困の実状を、先入観を捨てて事実に基づいて見つめるよう人々に働きかけている。
doi: 10.1038/540330a
2種類のケモカイン受容体タンパク質について、小型分子と複合体を作った状態の構造が得られ、以前には知られていなかった結合ポケットが明らかになった。このポケットは、この受容体ファミリーが関与する多様な疾患を治療するための薬剤標的となる可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/nature20486
ケトレダクターゼに本来の反応と異なるものを触媒させる方法が考案された。重要なポイントは、光を使ってこの酵素の補因子を励起することで、この方法は他の酵素にも応用できるかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/540345a
遺伝的リスクの簡単なプロファイルは、複雑な病気の場合でも明らかにできるのだろうか。急性白血病での遺伝子発現プロファイルから、これが可能であることが示され、こうしたプロファイリングによって予後予測が向上する可能性もあることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature20488
過去32年間にわたる地球の地表水の動態が高分解能衛星画像を使ってマッピングされ、自然のサイクルや人間活動の影響など、地球の水系に起こった変化が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature21100
老化した筋幹細胞（衛星細胞）の活性化は、DNAのパッケージングに変化を引き起こし、これがHoxa9遺伝子の発現につながることが今回明らかになった。このHoxa9発現によって胚のシグナル伝達経路が再活性化され、損傷を受けた筋肉を修復する衛星細胞の機能が制限を受けるのである。
doi: 10.1038/nature20485
網膜変性のマウスモデルでは、網膜細胞の移植によって視力が回復する。移植によってドナー細胞が網膜へ組み込まれると予想されていたのだが、実際には移植によってドナーと宿主細胞の間での物質交換が起こることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature20487
Here, the genome sequence of the tiger tail seahorse is reported and comparative genomic analyses with other ray-finned fishes are used to explore the genetic basis of the unique morphology and reproductive system of the seahorse.
doi: 10.1038/nature20595
A new method in which strong electric fields are applied to a protein crystal while collecting time-resolved X-ray diffraction patterns is able to follow the mechanical motions of all the constituent atoms, with implications for molecular biology and drug discovery.
doi: 10.1038/nature20571
Observations of the outflow associated with the TMC1A protostellar system reveal that the ‘disk wind’ model correctly explains how material is ejected from protostars.
doi: 10.1038/nature20600
All of the characteristics of the square-ice model are observed in an artificial square-ice system in which the two sublattices of nanomagnets are slightly vertically separated.
doi: 10.1038/nature20155
Photoexcitation of a catalytic enzyme’s co-factor is shown to change the reactivity of the enzyme, enabling it to carry out a non-natural enantioselective dehalogenation of lactone molecules.
doi: 10.1038/nature20569
A freely available dataset produced from three million Landsat satellite images reveals substantial changes in the distribution of global surface water over the past 32 years and their causes, from climate change to human actions.
doi: 10.1038/nature20584
Gene expression analysis in brain tissue from individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that the transcription factor SOX5 contributes to an ASD-associated reduction in transcriptional differences between brain areas and indicates that common transcriptomic changes occur in different forms of ASD.
doi: 10.1038/nature20612
Changes in active chromatin marks in old activated satellite cells lead to Hoxa9 activation, which induces the expression of developmental pathway genes with a known inhibitory effect on satellite cell function and muscle regeneration in aged mice.
doi: 10.1038/nature20603
A rapid gene signature test (LSC17) that captures stem cell expression programs in acute myeloid leukaemia patients at diagnosis is associated with therapy response and survival, facilitating initial treatment stratification.
doi: 10.1038/nature20598
Infection of male mice with Zika virus caused testicular and epididymal damage, reduction in sex hormone levels, destruction of germ and somatic cells in the testis, loss of mature sperm and reduction in fertility.
doi: 10.1038/nature20556
Monoclonal Zika-virus-neutralizing human antibodies can protect against maternal–fetal transmission, infection and disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature20564
Human TRIM5α restricts HIV-1 infection of Langerhans cells through a Langerin-dependent autophagy pathway.
doi: 10.1038/nature20567
The structures of three intermediate states of photosystem II, which is crucial for photosynthesis, have been solved at room temperature, shedding new light on this process.
doi: 10.1038/nature20161
The crystal structure of CCR2 chemokine receptor in a complex with two different antagonists—one orthosteric the other allosteric—which functionally cooperate to inhibit CCR2.
doi: 10.1038/nature20605
The crystal structure of the CCR9 chemokine receptor in complex with vercirnon at 2.8 Å resolution.
doi: 10.1038/nature20606
The crystal structures of ISWI, the catalytic subunit of several chromatin remodelling complexes, and its complex with a histone H4 peptide are reported.
doi: 10.1038/nature20590
