科学者は、オープンアクセスを推進し、研究成果を確認しようとする助成機関の活動を、快く受け入れるべきだ。
The paper trail p.5
Scientists must embrace funding-agency efforts to track research outputs and encourage open access to the literature.
doi: 10.1038/498005a
Scientists must embrace funding-agency efforts to track research outputs and encourage open access to the literature.
doi: 10.1038/498005a
Research must be seen to be accountable, even if that means hanging on to redundant reviews.
doi: 10.1038/498005b
doi: 10.1038/498006a
Researchers question benefits of tropical-wood substitute.
doi: 10.1038/498013a
Scientists want to exempt computer-based text crawling from Europe’s copyright law.
doi: 10.1038/498014a
Critics irked over planned release of engineered organism.
doi: 10.1038/498015a
International organization aims to promote exchange and linking of DNA sequences and clinical information.
doi: 10.1038/498017a
Agreement would set catch limits that are in line with scientific advice.
doi: 10.1038/498016a
Reforms increase flexibility and shift spending towards non-communicable disorders.
doi: 10.1038/498018a
ニールス・ボーアの原子模型の発表から100年を記念して、彼が遺したものと原子構造をめぐる今後の課題を特集する。
doi: 10.1038/498021a
物理学者たちは、原子を引き延ばし、引き裂き、ゆがめて、量子の世界の限界を探っている。
doi: 10.1038/498022a
ニールス・ボーアの原子構造モデルは、原子の最大の大きさはどのくらいになるかという問題を提起した。それから100年経った今、この問題はまだ解答が得られていない。このフォーラムでは、2人の物理学者が原子と核のサイズの限界について論じている。
doi: 10.1038/498040a
銅酸化物超伝導体での超音波測定によって、エキゾチックな物質相が明らかになった。この相は自発的な量子流のループからなり、これまで観測の難しさの点で抜きんでていたのである。
doi: 10.1038/498041a
自然リンパ球がCD4+ T細胞を制御できることがわかり、免疫系調節のまた別の形態と思われるものが明らかになった。これによって、体が常在菌と病原性細菌を区別する仕組みを説明できるかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/498042a
光分光画像化が、サブナノメートルの空間分解能を達成する手法によって、一気に分子内部の領域にまで及んだ。この技術は光化学やナノテクノロジーの分野での応用が考えられる。
doi: 10.1038/498044a
酵素の共基質であるSAMはずっと以前から、化学的に異なる2つの役割を持つことが知られていた。CmoA酵素の研究から、SAMには第三番目の働きが隠されていたことが示唆された。それはイリドと呼ばれる化学種を作り出すことである。
doi: 10.1038/nature12247
人類による擾乱から立ち直った森林は、かなりな規模のシンクとして働き、人間活動によって放出された二酸化炭素の吸収に役立つ。シミュレーションでは、栄養が限られるとこうした効果が低減することが示唆された。
doi: 10.1038/498047a
2型糖尿病患者の腸内細菌叢が示す特徴的なプロファイルは、診断と治療の役に立つ可能性があるが、民族や性別によって異なる特徴が生じることは、さらなる研究の必要性をはっきり示している。
doi: 10.1038/nature12251
A review of the past six years of research on ice-sheet mass-balance change shows that accelerated loss from Greenland is a robust finding, but that loss from Antarctica is probably far lower than previously thought.
doi: 10.1038/nature12238
Understanding the earliest phases of primate evolution is obscured by gaps in the fossil record, but some light is shed by the discovery of a nearly complete and substantially articulated skeleton of a tiny primate from the early Eocene; the new primate lies near the pivotal evolutionary dichotomy separating the tarsier and anthropoid lineages and it possesses features that are characteristic of subsequent members of both lineages.
doi: 10.1038/nature12200
In freely moving rodents, eye movements serve to keep the visual fields of the two eyes continuously overlapping overhead at the expense of continuous alignment, a strategy that may have evolved to maintain constant overhead surveillance of predators.
doi: 10.1038/nature12153
KAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation, mediated by the tyrosine kinase c-Abl, increases after DNA damage, promoting KAT5 binding to histone H3K9me3, which triggers KAT5-mediated acetylation of the ATM kinase; this promotes the activation of the DNA damage checkpoint and cell survival.
doi: 10.1038/nature12201
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy of high-temperature superconductors detects the thermodynamic signature of the pseudogap phase boundary and its evolution with doping.
doi: 10.1038/nature12165
In an ultracold, superfluid Fermi gas, measurements of second sound — a wave in which the superfluid and normal components of the gas oscillate in antiphase — make it possible to determine the temperature dependence of the superfluid fraction.
doi: 10.1038/nature12136
Chemical mapping of a single molecule by optical means down to subnanometre resolution is achieved by spectrally matching the resonance of a nanocavity plasmon to the vibronic transitions of the molecules being studied, using tip-enhanced Raman scattering.
doi: 10.1038/nature12151
The analysis of the isotopic signature of argon in 3.5-billion-year-old hydrothermal quartz suggests an early development of the continental crust, with implications for climate variability at that time.
doi: 10.1038/nature12152
Desert harvester ant colonies regulate their foraging activity and this collective behaviour appears to be under selection; colonies that forage less when conditions are poor have greater reproductive success, and the regulation of foraging behaviour appears to be inherited from parent to offspring colonies.
doi: 10.1038/nature12137
The genome of the carnivorous bladderwort plant Utricularia gibba is described here; despite having undergone at least three rounds of whole-genome duplication, its genome is unusually small and virtually devoid of intergenic DNA.
doi: 10.1038/nature12132
The faecal metagenome of a cohort of 145 European women with normal, impaired or diabetic glucose control was characterized and discriminant metagenomic markers for type 2 diabetes were identified; the discriminant markers differed from those of a recent Chinese cohort, suggesting that metagenomic predictive tools may need to be specific for age and geographic location.
doi: 10.1038/nature12198
In two species of songbirds and in pre-lingual human infants, vocal transitions across syllables are acquired slowly, one by one, indicating that combinatorial ability is not the starting point of vocal development but a laboriously achieved end point.
doi: 10.1038/nature12173
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is identified as a crucial mediator of BRAFV600E-induced cellular senescence: PDH is activated by BRAF-mediated suppression of PDK1, enhancing oxidative glucose metabolism, and PDK1 depletion eradicates mutant BRAF melanomas, indicating that this relationship between cell senescence and metabolism might be exploited therapeutically.
doi: 10.1038/nature12154
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells are shown to process and present antigen and to control CD4+ T-cell responses to intestinal commensal bacteria through an MHC-class-II-dependent mechanism.
doi: 10.1038/nature12240
Gene-expression studies are used to elucidate the relationship between cholesterol regulation and angiogenesis: apolipoprotein A-1 binding protein (AIBP) is found to enhance cholesterol influx from endothelial cells to high-density lipoprotein, and the resulting cholesterol depletion alters membrane lipid order in the vasculature, leading to decreased vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signalling.
doi: 10.1038/nature12166
Members of the SAM-dependent methyltransferase superfamily are involved in the modification of wobble uridine to 5-oxacetyl uridine in Gram-negative bacteria; CmoA converts SAM to carboxy-SAM (Cx-SAM; a metabolite that was unknown previously), and CmoB uses Cx-SAM to convert 5-hydroxyuridine to 5-oxyacetyl uridine in tRNA.
doi: 10.1038/nature12180